Statistics and Associations

• Generally idiopathic
• Recurrent attacks associated with tuberculosis, syphilis, herpes zoster, rheumatoid arthritis or other collagen diseases
• Up to a 66% chance of reoccurrence

Management

• None generally needed for resolution
• Vasoconstrictor, mild steroid, and/or oral NSAID pain reliever if severe

Statistics and Associations

• Secondary to UV exposure and/or recurrent irritation from wind, dust, or other ocular irritant
• Potential to decrease vision by covering visual axis and/or creating astigmatism by distorting the cornea
• 33% incidence of reoccurrence following surgical excision

Management

• Astigmatism correction
• Ocular lubrication as needed
• Surgical intervention if decreased vision or for cosmetics

Statistics and Associations

• Common in middle aged females
• Asymmetric and typically bilateral
• 50% association with thyroid disease
• Association with contact lens use

Management

• Artificial tears as needed
• Thyroid testing

Statistics and Associations

• 95% association with contact lens wear or severe allergies
• Occurs secondary to protein deposits or mechanical irritation

Management

• Discontinue contact lenses or decrease wearing time, increase cleaning and enzymatic cleaner use
• Mast cell stabilizer and/or antihistamine
• Consider short term treatment with soft steroid for severe cases